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feat(adapters): external adapter plugin system with dynamic UI parser
- Plugin loader: install/reload/remove/reinstall external adapters from npm packages or local directories - Plugin store persisted at ~/.paperclip/adapter-plugins.json - Self-healing UI parser resolution with version caching - UI: Adapter Manager page, dynamic loader, display registry with humanized names for unknown adapter types - Dev watch: exclude adapter-plugins dir from tsx watcher to prevent mid-request server restarts during reinstall - All consumer fallbacks use getAdapterLabel() for consistent display - AdapterTypeDropdown uses controlled open state for proper close behavior - Remove hermes-local from built-in UI (externalized to plugin) - Add docs for external adapters and UI parser contract
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docs/adapters/external-adapters.md
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docs/adapters/external-adapters.md
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---
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title: External Adapters
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summary: Build, package, and distribute adapters as plugins without modifying Paperclip source
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---
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Paperclip supports external adapter plugins that can be installed from npm packages or local directories. External adapters work exactly like built-in adapters — they execute agents, parse output, and render transcripts — but they live in their own package and don't require changes to Paperclip's source code.
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## Built-in vs External
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| | Built-in | External |
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|---|---|---|
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| Source location | Inside `paperclip-fork/packages/adapters/` | Separate npm package or local directory |
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| Registration | Hardcoded in three registries | Loaded at startup via plugin system |
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| UI parser | Static import at build time | Dynamically loaded from API (see [UI Parser](/adapters/adapter-ui-parser)) |
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| Distribution | Ships with Paperclip | Published to npm or linked via `file:` |
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| Updates | Requires Paperclip release | Independent versioning |
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## Quick Start
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### Minimal Package Structure
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```
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my-adapter/
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package.json
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tsconfig.json
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src/
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index.ts # Shared metadata (type, label, models)
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server/
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index.ts # createServerAdapter() factory
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execute.ts # Core execution logic
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parse.ts # Output parsing
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test.ts # Environment diagnostics
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ui-parser.ts # Self-contained UI transcript parser
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```
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### package.json
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```json
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{
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"name": "my-paperclip-adapter",
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"version": "1.0.0",
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"type": "module",
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"license": "MIT",
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"paperclip": {
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"adapterUiParser": "1.0.0"
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},
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"exports": {
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".": "./dist/index.js",
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"./server": "./dist/server/index.js",
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"./ui-parser": "./dist/ui-parser.js"
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},
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"files": ["dist"],
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"scripts": {
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"build": "tsc"
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},
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"dependencies": {
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"@paperclipai/adapter-utils": "^2026.325.0",
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"picocolors": "^1.1.0"
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},
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"devDependencies": {
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"@types/node": "^22.0.0",
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"typescript": "^5.7.0"
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}
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}
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```
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Key fields:
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| Field | Purpose |
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|-------|---------|
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| `exports["."]` | Entry point — must export `createServerAdapter` |
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| `exports["./ui-parser"]` | Self-contained UI parser module (optional but recommended) |
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| `paperclip.adapterUiParser` | Contract version for the UI parser (`"1.0.0"`) |
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| `files` | Limits what gets published — only `dist/` |
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### tsconfig.json
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```json
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{
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"compilerOptions": {
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"target": "ES2022",
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"module": "Node16",
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"moduleResolution": "Node16",
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"outDir": "dist",
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"rootDir": "src",
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"declaration": true,
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"strict": true,
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"esModuleInterop": true,
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"skipLibCheck": true
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},
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"include": ["src"]
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}
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```
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## Server Module
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The plugin loader calls `createServerAdapter()` from your package root. This function must return a `ServerAdapterModule`.
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### src/index.ts
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```ts
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export const type = "my_adapter"; // snake_case, globally unique
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export const label = "My Agent (local)";
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export const models = [
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{ id: "model-a", label: "Model A" },
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];
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export const agentConfigurationDoc = `# my_adapter configuration
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Use when: ...
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Don't use when: ...
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`;
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// Required by plugin-loader convention
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export { createServerAdapter } from "./server/index.js";
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```
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### src/server/index.ts
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```ts
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import type { ServerAdapterModule } from "@paperclipai/adapter-utils";
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import { type, models, agentConfigurationDoc } from "../index.js";
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import { execute } from "./execute.js";
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import { testEnvironment } from "./test.js";
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export function createServerAdapter(): ServerAdapterModule {
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return {
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type,
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execute,
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testEnvironment,
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models,
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agentConfigurationDoc,
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};
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}
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```
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### src/server/execute.ts
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The core execution function. Receives an `AdapterExecutionContext` and returns an `AdapterExecutionResult`.
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```ts
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import type {
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AdapterExecutionContext,
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AdapterExecutionResult,
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} from "@paperclipai/adapter-utils";
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import {
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runChildProcess,
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buildPaperclipEnv,
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renderTemplate,
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} from "@paperclipai/adapter-utils/server-utils";
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export async function execute(
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ctx: AdapterExecutionContext,
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): Promise<AdapterExecutionResult> {
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const { config, agent, runtime, context, onLog, onMeta } = ctx;
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// 1. Read config with safe helpers
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const cwd = String(config.cwd ?? "/tmp");
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const command = String(config.command ?? "my-agent");
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const timeoutSec = Number(config.timeoutSec ?? 300);
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// 2. Build environment with Paperclip vars injected
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const env = buildPaperclipEnv(agent);
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// 3. Render prompt template
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const prompt = config.promptTemplate
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? renderTemplate(String(config.promptTemplate), {
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agentId: agent.id,
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agentName: agent.name,
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companyId: agent.companyId,
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runId: ctx.runId,
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taskId: context.taskId ?? "",
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taskTitle: context.taskTitle ?? "",
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})
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: "Continue your work.";
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// 4. Spawn process
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const result = await runChildProcess(command, {
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args: [prompt],
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cwd,
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env,
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timeout: timeoutSec * 1000,
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graceMs: 10_000,
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onStdout: (chunk) => onLog("stdout", chunk),
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onStderr: (chunk) => onLog("stderr", chunk),
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});
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// 5. Return structured result
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return {
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exitCode: result.exitCode,
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timedOut: result.timedOut,
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// Include session state for persistence
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sessionParams: { /* ... */ },
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};
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}
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```
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#### Available Helpers from `@paperclipai/adapter-utils`
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| Helper | Purpose |
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|--------|---------|
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| `runChildProcess(command, opts)` | Spawn a child process with timeout, grace period, and streaming callbacks |
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| `buildPaperclipEnv(agent)` | Inject `PAPERCLIP_*` environment variables |
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| `renderTemplate(template, data)` | `{{variable}}` substitution in prompt templates |
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| `asString(v)`, `asNumber(v)`, `asBoolean(v)` | Safe config value extraction |
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### src/server/test.ts
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Validates the adapter configuration before running. Returns structured diagnostics.
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```ts
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import type {
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AdapterEnvironmentTestContext,
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AdapterEnvironmentTestResult,
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} from "@paperclipai/adapter-utils";
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export async function testEnvironment(
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ctx: AdapterEnvironmentTestContext,
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): Promise<AdapterEnvironmentTestResult> {
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const checks = [];
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// Example: check CLI is installed
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checks.push({
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level: "info",
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message: "My Agent CLI v1.2.0 detected",
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code: "cli_detected",
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});
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// Example: check working directory
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const cwd = String(ctx.config.cwd ?? "");
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if (!cwd.startsWith("/")) {
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checks.push({
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level: "error",
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message: `Working directory must be absolute: "${cwd}"`,
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hint: "Use /home/user/project or /workspace",
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code: "invalid_cwd",
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});
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}
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return {
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adapterType: ctx.adapterType,
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status: checks.some(c => c.level === "error") ? "fail" : "pass",
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checks,
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testedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
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};
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}
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```
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Check levels:
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| Level | Meaning | Effect |
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|-------|---------|--------|
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| `info` | Informational | Shown in test results |
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| `warn` | Non-blocking issue | Shown with yellow indicator |
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| `error` | Blocks execution | Prevents agent from running |
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## Installation
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### From npm
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```sh
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# Via the Paperclip UI
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# Settings → Adapters → Install from npm → "my-paperclip-adapter"
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# Or via API
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curl -X POST http://localhost:3102/api/adapters \
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-H "Authorization: Bearer <token>" \
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-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
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-d '{"packageName": "my-paperclip-adapter"}'
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```
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### From local directory
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```sh
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curl -X POST http://localhost:3102/api/adapters \
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-H "Authorization: Bearer <token>" \
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-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
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-d '{"localPath": "/home/user/my-adapter"}'
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```
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Local adapters are symlinked into Paperclip's adapter directory. Changes to the source are picked up on server restart.
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### Via adapter-plugins.json
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For development, you can also edit `~/.paperclip/adapter-plugins.json` directly:
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```json
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[
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{
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"packageName": "my-paperclip-adapter",
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"localPath": "/home/user/my-adapter",
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"type": "my_adapter",
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"installedAt": "2026-03-30T12:00:00.000Z"
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}
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]
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```
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## Optional: Session Persistence
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If your agent runtime supports sessions (conversation continuity across heartbeats), implement a session codec:
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```ts
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import type { AdapterSessionCodec } from "@paperclipai/adapter-utils";
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export const sessionCodec: AdapterSessionCodec = {
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deserialize(raw) {
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if (typeof raw !== "object" || raw === null) return null;
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const r = raw as Record<string, unknown>;
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return r.sessionId ? { sessionId: String(r.sessionId) } : null;
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},
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serialize(params) {
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return params?.sessionId ? { sessionId: String(params.sessionId) } : null;
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},
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getDisplayId(params) {
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return params?.sessionId ? String(params.sessionId) : null;
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},
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};
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```
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Include it in `createServerAdapter()`:
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```ts
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return { type, execute, testEnvironment, sessionCodec, /* ... */ };
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```
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## Optional: Skills Sync
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If your agent runtime supports skills/plugins, implement `listSkills` and `syncSkills`:
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```ts
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return {
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type,
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execute,
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testEnvironment,
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async listSkills(ctx) {
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return {
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adapterType: ctx.adapterType,
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supported: true,
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mode: "ephemeral",
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desiredSkills: [],
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entries: [],
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warnings: [],
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};
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},
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async syncSkills(ctx, desiredSkills) {
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// Install desired skills into the runtime
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return { /* same shape as listSkills */ };
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},
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};
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```
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## Optional: Model Detection
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If your runtime has a local config file that specifies the default model:
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```ts
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async function detectModel() {
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// Read ~/.my-agent/config.yaml or similar
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return {
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model: "anthropic/claude-sonnet-4",
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provider: "anthropic",
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source: "~/.my-agent/config.yaml",
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candidates: ["anthropic/claude-sonnet-4", "openai/gpt-4o"],
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};
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}
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return { type, execute, testEnvironment, detectModel: () => detectModel() };
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```
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## Publishing
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```sh
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npm run build
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npm publish
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```
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Other Paperclip users can then install your adapter by package name from the UI or API.
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## Security
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- Treat agent output as untrusted — parse defensively, never `eval()` agent output
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- Inject secrets via environment variables, not in prompts
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- Configure network access controls if the runtime supports them
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- Always enforce timeout and grace period — don't let agents run forever
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- The UI parser module runs in a browser sandbox — it must have zero runtime imports and no side effects
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## Next Steps
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- [UI Parser Contract](/adapters/adapter-ui-parser) — add a custom run-log parser so the UI renders your adapter's output correctly
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- [Creating an Adapter](/adapters/creating-an-adapter) — full walkthrough of adapter internals
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- [How Agents Work](/guides/agent-developer/how-agents-work) — understand the heartbeat lifecycle your adapter serves
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