Add SSH environment support (#4358)

## Thinking Path

> - Paperclip orchestrates AI agents for zero-human companies
> - The environments subsystem already models execution environments,
but before this branch there was no end-to-end SSH-backed runtime path
for agents to actually run work against a remote box
> - That meant agents could be configured around environment concepts
without a reliable way to execute adapter sessions remotely, sync
workspace state, and preserve run context across supported adapters
> - We also need environment selection to participate in normal
Paperclip control-plane behavior: agent defaults, project/issue
selection, route validation, and environment probing
> - Because this capability is still experimental, the UI surface should
be easy to hide and easy to remove later without undoing the underlying
implementation
> - This pull request adds SSH environment execution support across the
runtime, adapters, routes, schema, and tests, then puts the visible
environment-management UI behind an experimental flag
> - The benefit is that we can validate real SSH-backed agent execution
now while keeping the user-facing controls safely gated until the
feature is ready to come out of experimentation

## What Changed

- Added SSH-backed execution target support in the shared adapter
runtime, including remote workspace preparation, skill/runtime asset
sync, remote session handling, and workspace restore behavior after
runs.
- Added SSH execution coverage for supported local adapters, plus remote
execution tests across Claude, Codex, Cursor, Gemini, OpenCode, and Pi.
- Added environment selection and environment-management backend support
needed for SSH execution, including route/service work, validation,
probing, and agent default environment persistence.
- Added CLI support for SSH environment lab verification and updated
related docs/tests.
- Added the `enableEnvironments` experimental flag and gated the
environment UI behind it on company settings, agent configuration, and
project configuration surfaces.

## Verification

- `pnpm exec vitest run
packages/adapters/claude-local/src/server/execute.remote.test.ts
packages/adapters/cursor-local/src/server/execute.remote.test.ts
packages/adapters/gemini-local/src/server/execute.remote.test.ts
packages/adapters/opencode-local/src/server/execute.remote.test.ts
packages/adapters/pi-local/src/server/execute.remote.test.ts`
- `pnpm exec vitest run server/src/__tests__/environment-routes.test.ts`
- `pnpm exec vitest run
server/src/__tests__/instance-settings-routes.test.ts`
- `pnpm exec vitest run ui/src/lib/new-agent-hire-payload.test.ts
ui/src/lib/new-agent-runtime-config.test.ts`
- `pnpm -r typecheck`
- `pnpm build`
- Manual verification on a branch-local dev server:
  - enabled the experimental flag
  - created an SSH environment
  - created a Linux Claude agent using that environment
- confirmed a run executed on the Linux box and synced workspace changes
back

## Risks

- Medium: this touches runtime execution flow across multiple adapters,
so regressions would likely show up in remote session setup, workspace
sync, or environment selection precedence.
- The UI flag reduces exposure, but the underlying runtime and route
changes are still substantial and rely on migration correctness.
- The change set is broad across adapters, control-plane services,
migrations, and UI gating, so review should pay close attention to
environment-selection precedence and remote workspace lifecycle
behavior.

## Model Used

- OpenAI Codex via Paperclip's local Codex adapter, GPT-5-class coding
model with tool use and code execution in the local repo workspace. The
local adapter does not surface a more specific public model version
string in this branch workflow.

## Checklist

- [x] I have included a thinking path that traces from project context
to this change
- [x] I have specified the model used (with version and capability
details)
- [x] I have checked ROADMAP.md and confirmed this PR does not duplicate
planned core work
- [x] I have run tests locally and they pass
- [x] I have added or updated tests where applicable
- [ ] If this change affects the UI, I have included before/after
screenshots
- [x] I have updated relevant documentation to reflect my changes
- [x] I have considered and documented any risks above
- [x] I will address all Greptile and reviewer comments before
requesting merge

packages/shared/src/constants.ts

@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ export const PROJECT_STATUSES = [
 ] as const;
 export type ProjectStatus = (typeof PROJECT_STATUSES)[number];
 
-export const ENVIRONMENT_DRIVERS = ["local"] as const;
+export const ENVIRONMENT_DRIVERS = ["local", "ssh"] as const;
 export type EnvironmentDriver = (typeof ENVIRONMENT_DRIVERS)[number];
 
 export const ENVIRONMENT_STATUSES = ["active", "archived"] as const;
@@ -486,6 +486,7 @@ export const PERMISSION_KEYS = [
   "tasks:assign_scope",
   "tasks:manage_active_checkouts",
   "joins:approve",
+  "environments:manage",
 ] as const;
 export type PermissionKey = (typeof PERMISSION_KEYS)[number];
 

packages/shared/src/environment-support.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+import type { AgentAdapterType, EnvironmentDriver } from "./constants.js";
+
+export type EnvironmentSupportStatus = "supported" | "unsupported";
+
+export interface AdapterEnvironmentSupport {
+  adapterType: AgentAdapterType;
+  drivers: Record<EnvironmentDriver, EnvironmentSupportStatus>;
+}
+
+export interface EnvironmentCapabilities {
+  adapters: AdapterEnvironmentSupport[];
+  drivers: Record<EnvironmentDriver, EnvironmentSupportStatus>;
+}
+
+const REMOTE_MANAGED_ADAPTERS = new Set<AgentAdapterType>([
+  "claude_local",
+  "codex_local",
+  "cursor",
+  "gemini_local",
+  "opencode_local",
+  "pi_local",
+]);
+
+export function adapterSupportsRemoteManagedEnvironments(adapterType: string): boolean {
+  return REMOTE_MANAGED_ADAPTERS.has(adapterType as AgentAdapterType);
+}
+
+export function supportedEnvironmentDriversForAdapter(adapterType: string): EnvironmentDriver[] {
+  return adapterSupportsRemoteManagedEnvironments(adapterType)
+    ? ["local", "ssh"]
+    : ["local"];
+}
+
+export function isEnvironmentDriverSupportedForAdapter(
+  adapterType: string,
+  driver: string,
+): boolean {
+  return supportedEnvironmentDriversForAdapter(adapterType).includes(driver as EnvironmentDriver);
+}
+
+export function getAdapterEnvironmentSupport(
+  adapterType: AgentAdapterType,
+): AdapterEnvironmentSupport {
+  const supportedDrivers = new Set(supportedEnvironmentDriversForAdapter(adapterType));
+  return {
+    adapterType,
+    drivers: {
+      local: supportedDrivers.has("local") ? "supported" : "unsupported",
+      ssh: supportedDrivers.has("ssh") ? "supported" : "unsupported",
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+export function getEnvironmentCapabilities(
+  adapterTypes: readonly AgentAdapterType[],
+): EnvironmentCapabilities {
+  return {
+    adapters: adapterTypes.map((adapterType) => getAdapterEnvironmentSupport(adapterType)),
+    drivers: {
+      local: "supported",
+      ssh: "supported",
+    },
+  };
+}

packages/shared/src/index.ts

@@ -218,7 +218,9 @@ export type {
   Company,
   Environment,
   EnvironmentLease,
+  EnvironmentProbeResult,
   LocalEnvironmentConfig,
+  SshEnvironmentConfig,
   FeedbackVote,
   FeedbackDataSharingPreference,
   FeedbackTargetType,
@@ -540,6 +542,17 @@ export {
   isClosedIsolatedExecutionWorkspace,
 } from "./execution-workspace-guards.js";
 
+export {
+  adapterSupportsRemoteManagedEnvironments,
+  getAdapterEnvironmentSupport,
+  getEnvironmentCapabilities,
+  isEnvironmentDriverSupportedForAdapter,
+  supportedEnvironmentDriversForAdapter,
+  type AdapterEnvironmentSupport,
+  type EnvironmentCapabilities,
+  type EnvironmentSupportStatus,
+} from "./environment-support.js";
+
 export {
   instanceGeneralSettingsSchema,
   patchInstanceGeneralSettingsSchema,
@@ -567,8 +580,10 @@ export {
   environmentLeaseCleanupStatusSchema,
   createEnvironmentSchema,
   updateEnvironmentSchema,
+  probeEnvironmentConfigSchema,
   type CreateEnvironment,
   type UpdateEnvironment,
+  type ProbeEnvironmentConfig,
   agentSkillStateSchema,
   agentSkillSyncModeSchema,
   agentSkillEntrySchema,

packages/shared/src/types/agent.ts

@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ export interface Agent {
   adapterType: AgentAdapterType;
   adapterConfig: Record<string, unknown>;
   runtimeConfig: Record<string, unknown>;
+  defaultEnvironmentId?: string | null;
   budgetMonthlyCents: number;
   spentMonthlyCents: number;
   pauseReason: PauseReason | null;

packages/shared/src/types/environment.ts

@@ -5,11 +5,30 @@ import type {
   EnvironmentLeaseStatus,
   EnvironmentStatus,
 } from "../constants.js";
+import type { EnvSecretRefBinding } from "./secrets.js";
 
 export interface LocalEnvironmentConfig {
   [key: string]: unknown;
 }
 
+export interface SshEnvironmentConfig {
+  host: string;
+  port: number;
+  username: string;
+  remoteWorkspacePath: string;
+  privateKey: string | null;
+  privateKeySecretRef: EnvSecretRefBinding | null;
+  knownHosts: string | null;
+  strictHostKeyChecking: boolean;
+}
+
+export interface EnvironmentProbeResult {
+  ok: boolean;
+  driver: EnvironmentDriver;
+  summary: string;
+  details: Record<string, unknown> | null;
+}
+
 export interface Environment {
   id: string;
   companyId: string;
@@ -17,7 +36,7 @@ export interface Environment {
   description: string | null;
   driver: EnvironmentDriver;
   status: EnvironmentStatus;
-  config: LocalEnvironmentConfig;
+  config: Record<string, unknown>;
   metadata: Record<string, unknown> | null;
   createdAt: Date;
   updatedAt: Date;

packages/shared/src/types/index.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 export type { Company } from "./company.js";
-export type { Environment, EnvironmentLease, LocalEnvironmentConfig } from "./environment.js";
+export type {
+  Environment,
+  EnvironmentLease,
+  EnvironmentProbeResult,
+  LocalEnvironmentConfig,
+  SshEnvironmentConfig,
+} from "./environment.js";
 export type {
   FeedbackVote,
   FeedbackDataSharingPreference,

packages/shared/src/types/instance.ts

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ export interface InstanceGeneralSettings {
 }
 
 export interface InstanceExperimentalSettings {
+  enableEnvironments: boolean;
   enableIsolatedWorkspaces: boolean;
   autoRestartDevServerWhenIdle: boolean;
 }

packages/shared/src/types/workspace-runtime.ts

@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ export interface ExecutionWorkspaceStrategy {
 }
 
 export interface ExecutionWorkspaceConfig {
+  environmentId?: string | null;
   provisionCommand: string | null;
   teardownCommand: string | null;
   cleanupCommand: string | null;
@@ -147,6 +148,7 @@ export interface ProjectExecutionWorkspacePolicy {
   defaultMode?: ProjectExecutionWorkspaceDefaultMode;
   allowIssueOverride?: boolean;
   defaultProjectWorkspaceId?: string | null;
+  environmentId?: string | null;
   workspaceStrategy?: ExecutionWorkspaceStrategy | null;
   workspaceRuntime?: Record<string, unknown> | null;
   branchPolicy?: Record<string, unknown> | null;
@@ -157,6 +159,7 @@ export interface ProjectExecutionWorkspacePolicy {
 
 export interface IssueExecutionWorkspaceSettings {
   mode?: ExecutionWorkspaceMode;
+  environmentId?: string | null;
   workspaceStrategy?: ExecutionWorkspaceStrategy | null;
   workspaceRuntime?: Record<string, unknown> | null;
 }
@@ -227,3 +230,82 @@ export interface WorkspaceRuntimeService {
   createdAt: Date;
   updatedAt: Date;
 }
+
+export type WorkspaceRealizationTransport = "local" | "ssh";
+
+export type WorkspaceRealizationSyncStrategy =
+  | "none"
+  | "ssh_git_import_export";
+
+export interface WorkspaceRealizationRequest {
+  version: 1;
+  adapterType: string;
+  companyId: string;
+  environmentId: string;
+  executionWorkspaceId: string | null;
+  issueId: string | null;
+  heartbeatRunId: string;
+  requestedMode: string | null;
+  source: {
+    kind: "project_primary" | "task_session" | "agent_home";
+    localPath: string;
+    projectId: string | null;
+    projectWorkspaceId: string | null;
+    repoUrl: string | null;
+    repoRef: string | null;
+    strategy: "project_primary" | "git_worktree";
+    branchName: string | null;
+    worktreePath: string | null;
+  };
+  runtimeOverlay: {
+    provisionCommand: string | null;
+    teardownCommand: string | null;
+    cleanupCommand: string | null;
+    workspaceRuntime: Record<string, unknown> | null;
+  };
+}
+
+export interface WorkspaceRealizationRecord {
+  version: 1;
+  transport: WorkspaceRealizationTransport;
+  provider: string | null;
+  environmentId: string;
+  leaseId: string;
+  providerLeaseId: string | null;
+  local: {
+    path: string;
+    source: WorkspaceRealizationRequest["source"]["kind"];
+    strategy: WorkspaceRealizationRequest["source"]["strategy"];
+    projectId: string | null;
+    projectWorkspaceId: string | null;
+    repoUrl: string | null;
+    repoRef: string | null;
+    branchName: string | null;
+    worktreePath: string | null;
+  };
+  remote: {
+    path: string | null;
+    host?: string | null;
+    port?: number | null;
+    username?: string | null;
+  };
+  sync: {
+    strategy: WorkspaceRealizationSyncStrategy;
+    prepare: string;
+    syncBack: string | null;
+  };
+  bootstrap: {
+    command: string | null;
+  };
+  rebuild: {
+    executionWorkspaceId: string | null;
+    mode: string | null;
+    repoUrl: string | null;
+    repoRef: string | null;
+    localPath: string;
+    remotePath: string | null;
+    providerLeaseId: string | null;
+    metadata: Record<string, unknown>;
+  };
+  summary: string;
+}

packages/shared/src/validators/agent.ts

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ export const createAgentSchema = z.object({
   adapterType: agentAdapterTypeSchema,
   adapterConfig: adapterConfigSchema.optional().default({}),
   runtimeConfig: z.record(z.unknown()).optional().default({}),
+  defaultEnvironmentId: z.string().uuid().optional().nullable(),
   budgetMonthlyCents: z.number().int().nonnegative().optional().default(0),
   permissions: agentPermissionsSchema.optional(),
   metadata: z.record(z.unknown()).optional().nullable(),

packages/shared/src/validators/environment.ts

@@ -32,3 +32,12 @@ export const updateEnvironmentSchema = z.object({
   metadata: z.record(z.unknown()).optional().nullable(),
 }).strict();
 export type UpdateEnvironment = z.infer<typeof updateEnvironmentSchema>;
+
+export const probeEnvironmentConfigSchema = z.object({
+  name: z.string().min(1).optional(),
+  description: z.string().optional().nullable(),
+  driver: environmentDriverSchema,
+  config: z.record(z.unknown()).optional().default({}),
+  metadata: z.record(z.unknown()).optional().nullable(),
+}).strict();
+export type ProbeEnvironmentConfig = z.infer<typeof probeEnvironmentConfigSchema>;

packages/shared/src/validators/execution-workspace.ts

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ export const executionWorkspaceStatusSchema = z.enum([
 ]);
 
 export const executionWorkspaceConfigSchema = z.object({
+  environmentId: z.string().uuid().optional().nullable(),
   provisionCommand: z.string().optional().nullable(),
   teardownCommand: z.string().optional().nullable(),
   cleanupCommand: z.string().optional().nullable(),

packages/shared/src/validators/index.ts

@@ -31,8 +31,10 @@ export {
   environmentLeaseCleanupStatusSchema,
   createEnvironmentSchema,
   updateEnvironmentSchema,
+  probeEnvironmentConfigSchema,
   type CreateEnvironment,
   type UpdateEnvironment,
+  type ProbeEnvironmentConfig,
 } from "./environment.js";
 export {
   feedbackDataSharingPreferenceSchema,

packages/shared/src/validators/instance.ts

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ export const instanceGeneralSettingsSchema = z.object({
 export const patchInstanceGeneralSettingsSchema = instanceGeneralSettingsSchema.partial();
 
 export const instanceExperimentalSettingsSchema = z.object({
+  enableEnvironments: z.boolean().default(false),
   enableIsolatedWorkspaces: z.boolean().default(false),
   autoRestartDevServerWhenIdle: z.boolean().default(false),
 }).strict();

packages/shared/src/validators/issue.ts

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ const executionWorkspaceStrategySchema = z
 export const issueExecutionWorkspaceSettingsSchema = z
   .object({
     mode: z.enum(ISSUE_EXECUTION_WORKSPACE_PREFERENCES).optional(),
+    environmentId: z.string().uuid().optional().nullable(),
     workspaceStrategy: executionWorkspaceStrategySchema.optional().nullable(),
     workspaceRuntime: z.record(z.unknown()).optional().nullable(),
   })

packages/shared/src/validators/project.ts

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ export const projectExecutionWorkspacePolicySchema = z
     defaultMode: z.enum(["shared_workspace", "isolated_workspace", "operator_branch", "adapter_default"]).optional(),
     allowIssueOverride: z.boolean().optional(),
     defaultProjectWorkspaceId: z.string().uuid().optional().nullable(),
+    environmentId: z.string().uuid().optional().nullable(),
     workspaceStrategy: executionWorkspaceStrategySchema.optional().nullable(),
     workspaceRuntime: z.record(z.unknown()).optional().nullable(),
     branchPolicy: z.record(z.unknown()).optional().nullable(),